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the 20th century brought by having it upheavals that produced a series of conflicting developments in philosophy over the basis of knowledge and the validity of various absolutes. Sustaining definitive certainties thought to exist as overthrown, & newly social, economic, scientific, honorable, & logical problems, 20th-century philosophy was placed for the series of tries multifariously to reform, preserve, vary, abolish, antecedently conceived restricts.
Philosophy of science, philosophy of mathematics, and epistemology furthered seemingly antagonistic tendencies within accounting for consciousness and its objects, as expressed in the profound differences between analytic philosophy and phenomenology, both of which experienced foundations in situ at a beginning of the century. Advances around relativity, quantum, & nuclear physics, cybernetics, genetic science, & linguistics, rich literary output, and a emergence of the motion picture as an art form greatly enriched philosophic subject matter. Even as deeply, historical cases like the World Wars, the Russian Revolution, a nigh collapse of European parliamentary democracy in the Thirties & Forties, the Holocaust, the utilize of atomic weapons on Imperial Japan, continued colonial violence, a foundation of the United Nations, the elaboration of recently doctrines of human rights, the Vietnam War, the failure of radical sentiment within 1968, the collapse of the Soviet Union & its client states, continuing inequities within spherical development and civil society, a revitalization of "fundamental" religious identity around Christian, Jewish, Islamic, and Hindu contexts, and on the face of it uncontrollable in case intermittent genocidal activity called into questiin numbers of philosophical doctrines on person rationality and created ever sharper demands in moral, political philosophy, and philosophy of religion.
This article will require philosophy non around the other general feel of the technique of belief or even ideology however as the tradition that typically takes the degree of just about formalised survey (although autodidacts st& non been excluded) and a degree of institutional recognition in the form of function incorporated into subsequent formalistic teaching in university education. Articles referenced on this text come required to substantiate standing by demonstrating either of the above criteria.
List of philosophers
Henri Bergson (1846-1941)
Gottlob Frege (1848-1925)
Edmund Husserl (1859-1938)
Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924)
Bertrand Russell (1872-1970)
George Edward Moore (1873-1958)
Ernst Cassirer (1874-1945)
Albert Schweitzer (1875-1965)
Martin Buber (1878-1965)
Leon Trotsky (1879-1940)
Oswald Spengler (1880-1936)
Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (1881-1995)
Ludwig von Mises (1881-1973)
Moritz Schlick (1882-1936)
Jose Ortega y Gasset (1883-1955)
Gaston Bachelard (1884-1962)
Ernst Bloch (1885-1977)
Georg Lukacs (1885-1971)
Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951)
Martin Heidegger (1889-1976)
Rudolf Carnap (1891-1970)
Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937)
Michael Polanyi (1891-1976)
Walter Benjamin (1892-1940)
Mao Zedong (1893-1976)
Max Horkheimer (1895-1973)
Georges Bataille (1897-1962)
Adolf Hitler (1889-1945)
Leo Strauss (1899-1973)
Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900-2002)
Jacques Lacan (1901-1981)
Henri Lefebvre (1901-1991)
C.L.R. James (1901-1989)
Mortimer Adler (1902-2001)
Herbert Feigl (1902-1988)
Eric Hoffer (1902-1983)
Karl Popper (1902-1994)
Theodor Adorno (1903-1969)
Georges Canguilhem (1904-1995)
Ayn Rand (1905-1982)
Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980)
Hannah Arendt (1906-1975)
Emmanuel Levinas (1906-1995)
Nelson Goodman (1906-1989)
Maurice Blanchot (1907-2003)
Jean Hyppolite (1907-1968)
Claude Lévi-Strauss (1908- )
Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908-1961)
Simone de Beauvoir (1908-1986)
W.V. Quine (1908-2000)
Simone Weil (1909-1943)
Isaiah Berlin (1909-1997)
Alfred Ayer (1910-1989)
Kenneth E. Boulding (1910-1993)
J. L. Austin (1911-1960)
Marshall McLuhan (1911-1980)
Wilfrid Sellars (1912-1989)
Alan Turing (1912-1954)
Albert Camus (1913-1960)
Paul Ricoeur (1913-2005)
Georg Henrik von Wright (1916-2003)
Donald Davidson (1917-2003)
Louis Althusser (1918-1990)
Paul de Man (1919-1983)
John Rawls (1921-2002)
Cornelius Castoriadis (1922-1997)
Thomas Samuel Kuhn (1922-1996)
Imre Lakatos (1922-1974)
Rene Girard (1923 - )
Walter Pitts (1923-1969)
Arthur Danto (1924- )
Paul Feyerabend (1924-1994)
Jean-François Lyotard (1924-1998)
Gilles Deleuze (1925-1995)
Stanley Cavell (1926- )
Michel Foucault (1926-1984)
Eugene Gendlin (1926- )
Hilary Putnam (1926- )
Jürgen Habermas (1929- )
Jean Baudrillard (1929- )
Pierre Bourdieu (1930-2002)
Jacques Derrida (1930-2004)
Luce Irigaray (1930- )
Michel Serres (1930- )
Guy Debord (1931-1994)
Roger Penrose (1931- )
Charles Taylor (1931- )
John Searle (1932- )
Paul Virilio (1932- )
Antonio Negri (1933- )
Oskar Negt (1934- )
Alain Badiou (1937- )
Thomas Nagel (1937- )
Robert Nozick (1938-2002)
Tzvetan Todorov (1939- )
John D. Caputo (1940- )
Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe (1940- )
Jean-Luc Nancy (1940- )
Giorgio Agamben (1942- )
John Zerzan (1943- )
Slavoj Zizek (1949- )
Christopher Peacocke (1950- )
Cornel West (1953- )
Kwame Anthony Akroma-Ampim Kusi Appiah (1954- )
Philosophical schools and tendencies
Analytic philosophy
Deconstruction
Existentialism
Nihilism
Phenomenology
Structuralism
Quasi-philosophical movements, schools, and tendencies
Anarchism
Atheism
Black Nationalism
Catholicism
Communism
Critical theory
Fascism
Feminism
Fundamentalism
Futurism
Genocide
Human rights
Imperialism
Libertarianism
Maoism
Modernism
National Socialism
Nationalism
Objectivism
Pan Africanism
Political Science
Post-structuralism
Postmodernism
Relativism
Sociology
Socialism
Stalinism
Trotskyism
Zionism
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